Drawing Technique: Mapping

Mapping is a technique used to establish a shading plan. First, locate both the darkest areas of the subject as well as the lightest areas. I.e. those areas most exposed to light. Then, establish one or two different intermediate values visible on the subject. By establishing broad tonal groups, we simplify the mapping process while still having the freedom to add minor tonal increments by adding layers of hatching to achieve any desired value.

On a side sheet, create a sample of each tone to be used in the drawing (i.e. a tone for shadow, 1-2 mid tones and a highlight if other than white). This exercise will insure that you have sufficient variety of tonal values to create the appearance of light, shadow and the illusion of depth. It can also act as a warm-up for the various shading techniques to be used. In fact, it is always useful to practice hatching techniques before applying to a drawing as a beginner.

Other pages of interest

Drawing technique: Mapping
Drawing texture
Rendering form with different mediums
Drawing tips: Blending
Drawing tools: Erasers